If you’ve ever helped a pregnant dog through labor, you know how nerve-wracking the final days can be. Whether you’re a breeder expecting a planned litter or a pet owner navigating an unexpected pregnancy, recognizing the signs of labor in dogs is crucial.
With seven years of experience assisting in canine births, I’ve learned that labor doesn’t just happen suddenly—there are clear warning signs leading up to delivery. Knowing what to expect can prevent complications, reduce stress, and ensure a smoother whelping process.
In this article, I’ll walk you through six unmistakable signs of labor in dogs, what they mean, and how to prepare for a safe and successful delivery.
1. Drop in Body Temperature (The First True Labor Sign)
One of the most reliable ways to predict labor in dogs is by monitoring their rectal temperature. A dog’s normal temperature ranges between 101-102.5°F (38.3-39.2°C). However, in the final 24 hours before labor, it drops below 99°F (37.2°C).
How to Track This Sign
- Start checking twice daily (morning and evening) from day 57 of pregnancy.
- Use a digital rectal thermometer (lubricated) and insert it about an inch into the rectum.
- If the temperature drops below 99°F and stays low for a few hours, labor is imminent—expect puppies within 12 to 24 hours.
Real-Life Example
A German Shepherd I assisted had a temperature of 101.4°F the night before labor. By the next morning, it had dropped to 98.7°F. Sure enough, she went into active labor 18 hours later.
This method is so reliable that most professional breeders swear by it as the first real sign of labor approaching.
Read Also: 6 Signs of Pregnancy in Dogs: How to Tell If Your Dog Is Expecting
2. Restlessness and Nesting Behavior
As labor nears, a pregnant dog will begin acting differently—she’ll seem restless, anxious, and obsessed with finding a safe space to give birth.
Common Nesting Signs
- Digging or scratching at bedding, carpets, or even the ground.
- Carrying toys or blankets to a chosen spot.
- Pacing, panting, or whining without an apparent reason.
- Refusing to leave her whelping area (a quiet corner, crate, or bed).
This behavior usually starts 12-48 hours before labor and is driven by instinct—she’s preparing a warm, comfortable, and private place to whelp.
Pro Tip:
If your dog starts rejecting the whelping area you prepared, don’t panic. Some dogs prefer a different location at the last minute. If she insists on a certain spot, let her—forcing her elsewhere can stress her out and delay labor.
3. Loss of Appetite and Vomiting
Most pregnant dogs have a huge appetite in the final weeks, so when she suddenly refuses food, it’s a major red flag that labor is near.
What to Expect
- Loss of appetite about 12-24 hours before labor.
- Some dogs may vomit once or twice due to hormonal changes.
- Drinking water is still normal, but some dogs may drink less than usual.
When to Worry
- If your dog vomits excessively or seems lethargic and unresponsive, contact a vet—this could indicate complications.
4. Visible Changes in the Abdomen and Puppies Dropping
As the puppies get into position for birth, a dog’s belly will look different in the final 24-48 hours before labor.
Physical Changes to Watch For
- The abdomen shifts downward as the puppies drop into the birth canal.
- You might notice less movement from the puppies (they’re positioning for birth).
- The dog’s waist may appear narrower than before.
Real-Life Example
A Border Collie I worked with had noticeable puppy movement up until day 59. On day 60, the belly visibly dropped, and by the next day, she had gone into labor.
This change can be subtle, but if you compare photos from the previous days, you’ll see the difference.
5. Panting, Shivering, and Whining (Early Contractions Begin)
As labor begins, hormonal shifts and uterine contractions cause a dog to show signs of discomfort.
Early Labor Symptoms (Stage 1 Labor)
- Panting heavily, even if it’s not hot.
- Shivering or trembling, even in warm temperatures.
- Whining, pacing, or seeming unable to settle down.
- Licking or looking at her rear frequently.
This stage lasts between 6-18 hours, depending on the dog. During this time, the cervix is dilating, but contractions aren’t strong enough to push puppies out yet.
How to Help
- Keep her calm and comfortable—too much stimulation can slow labor.
- Offer water, but don’t force food—her body is preparing for delivery.
- Monitor contractions—if they become frequent (every few minutes), puppy delivery is imminent.
6. Passing the Mucus Plug and Vaginal Discharge
As labor approaches, a pregnant dog will expel her mucus plug—a thick, sticky discharge that sealed the cervix during pregnancy.
What It Looks Like
- A thick, clear or slightly white mucus discharge from the vulva.
- Can be tinged with blood (light pink or brown is normal).
- Happens hours to a day before labor starts.
Signs That Puppies Are Coming Within Hours
- The mucus plug is followed by more watery discharge (amniotic fluid leaking).
- Strong, frequent contractions begin.
- She may strain slightly—this is a sign a puppy is on the way!
When to Call a Vet
- If the discharge is foul-smelling, dark green, or bright red before labor starts—this could indicate distress.
- If active contractions last more than 30 minutes without a puppy being delivered.
Final Thoughts: What Happens Next?
Once you notice these six signs, puppies are coming soon! Here’s what you should do:
1. Prepare the Whelping Area
- Use soft bedding (washable blankets, towels, or whelping pads).
- Keep the room quiet, dim, and warm (75-80°F / 24-27°C).
- Have clean towels, gloves, and a whelping kit ready.
2. Monitor But Don’t Hover
- Dogs instinctively know how to give birth.
- Only step in if she’s struggling or if there are long delays between puppies.
3. Know When to Call the Vet
- More than 30 minutes of hard contractions without a puppy.
- A puppy is stuck in the birth canal.
- She stops pushing, but you know there are more puppies inside.
Wrapping Up: Trust the Signs, Trust Your Dog
After seven years in this field, I can confidently say that every labor is unique, but these six signs will always appear before delivery. By recognizing them early, you can ensure a safe, stress-free whelping experience.
Would you like a whelping checklist or tips on caring for newborn puppies? Let me know—I’d love to help.
